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Sprechen Die Wrasslin'? Heels And Faces

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Much has already been said about Jon Jones, Rashad Evans and the rift in the Team Greg Jackson camp. Fans and media alike have been taking sides and in some cases villainising one fighter while heroising the other to the extent we can almost expect to hear terms like Heel and Face inappropriately thrown about. What's happening is more complex then a manufactured character arc in the imaginary pages of Pro Wrestling although I believe in Rashad Evans' case we have a fighter shrewd enough to play up the situation to generate fight hype and therefore more money for all involved.

But what do these insider terms mean?

It's hard to pin point exactly when these terms were first used but it's likely to have originated as early as the 1920's,  after the first World War when wrestling had already fallen into disrepute and had scurried into the shadows of the carnivals. The terms may even have been coined by the group made up of Ed "Strangler" Lewis, Toots Mondt and Billy Sandow aka The Gold Dust Trio who realised the benefit in manipulating audience emotions and booking the local sports heroes in worked matches to bring money in. It wasn't uncommon for Lewis to push for a Football star to come in and be put over much in the same way Pro Wrestling has done in relatively recent years with stars such as Lawrence Taylor and Reggie White.

Face is the abbreviated version of Baby Face, a common phrase in the early 20th Century for a particular aesthetic found in a man: youthful, clean-shaven, well groomed and without flaws or blemishes. Any man in the early pro wrestling business with these qualities was invariably made into the hero of a match or feud to battle against a villain often represented by an older, more grizzled looking opponent who perhaps had facial hair, was overweight,  going bald and had a few scars to boot. Pro Wrestling was yet again playing to human prejudices and stereotypes and in particular to perhaps the oldest concept of all, Good and Evil equated with Beauty and Ugliness. It's a stereotype that's been with us for millennia, from the fairytale folklore of handsome princes and beautiful princesses to wicked witches and ugly sisters, and even into religious scriptures describing the light and beauty of the angelic to the horned and cloven hoofed darkness of the demonic.

The baby-faced heroes against the ugly villains have had Pro Wrestling audiences lap it up for decades and its something that still works in today's 'entertainment' events. So why are villains known as Heels?

A few believe heel came from early 20th century slang that meant someone who was badly behaved similar to other slang terms such as cads and scallywags. But more believe (including myself) that Heel is the abbreviated term for a Heel Turn which is a process in Pro Wrestling of turning a Hero into a Villain through a staged event usually within a match but sometimes after a match. The concept is where a worker turns his back on the fans, or on a friend or ally to highlight an act of betrayal and selfishness and this concept really started once Pro Wrestling had a TV outlet and therefore a regular audience that could keep up with the manufactured drama while having a few subtle hints thrown their way such as discontent between two allied parties.

One of the most classic examples of a heel turn is when a popular baby face tag team is booked to break up where one of the heroes is getting put through the ringer by the opposing villain team but finally breaks free of their assault and looks to tag in his partner only for his partner to turn his back (turning on his heels) and walk away from the ring leaving him to his fate. Less sophisticated heel turns usually involve sneak attacks and changing sides, but the old classic is still my favourite. This of course is a great way for both workers to begin a singles program starting off with a feud between the two that ends with a grudge match.

There is another term that gets used in the wrestling industry, and very little if at all in MMA coverage, and that is of a Tweener which is simply an abbreviation of an in-between-er, someone who an audience is otherwise indifferent to which usually means someone who is unable to draw and make money. Not to be confused with the more recent phenomenon of the Anti-Heroes in pro wrestling since the mid 1990's who resort to villain-like tactics yet have the audience on their side (such as Steve Austin's anti-authoritarian phase feuding with the boss Mr McMahon), no worker should be comfortable as a tweener as it usually means they've yet to find their place as a performer.

So while a real drama is unfolding between two Light-heavyweight fighters and the most successful gym in MMA history, and themes surfacing of betrayal and selfishness are genuine, how these events continue to unfold may be worth looking at more closely with just a pinch of cynicism.

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I would hope anyone who reads this blog is familiar with wrestling terms by now.

And heel definitely originated from the 20’s slang…
Also what examples of tweeners can you provide that haven’t drawn?
To me, a tweener is someone who is portrayed in a traditional heel/face manner but is either so good at being heel they receive cheers or so bad at being a face they are booed, which usually leads to a heel turn. In no instance that I recall has a tweener character failed to draw money or be met with indifference. Quite the opposite actually. That’s not to say that there aren’t a lot of wrestlers who fit your definition, I just wouldnt call that a tweener.

Early 90’s Undertaker was a mega-heel who only feuded with the top babyfaces, yet always received a strong babyface reaction, just not as strong as his opponent which would mean he wasnt an anti-hero, but a tweener.

Ric Flair, Jake Roberts, The Rock, Randy Orton, Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Jericho, Curt Hennig and Macho Man also come to mind as traditional tweener characters (at one time or another during their respective careers)

Stone Cold began receiving cheers by mid-96 but didnt fully turn face until WM13 in ’97, thus becoming the prototypical anti-hero. His character was fully developed the entire time, and eventually the crowd reaction reflected this.

I started out writing this comment with a negative view of your article, but I suppose it’s intended to educate the MMA-centric reader about rasslin’ terminology, which you did in great detail. So, good work.

Also, I dont know if the heel/face dynamic is appropriate to be applied to the Evans/Jones situation, but I would consider Rashad a tweener and Jones a mega-babyface. Kind of like the original Miz-Cena feud where you had a heel challenging the uber-face and garnering support on the strength of his promos. I see a lot of parallels between the Miz and Rashad in this case.

by thejasten on Mar 24, 2011 9:43 PM EDT reply actions  

Great comment, thanks for making it

I’ve never liked the idea of tweeners being popular, especially in TNA’s short lived ‘Heel Section’ which was basically a group of fans who were marks for themselves and wanted to get noticed by bucking the trend. Plenty of wrestlers work hard to be the villain to help put over the hero and are good at it, and if they’re not getting the desired response but instead get some so called Smart Marks cheering for them because they ‘get’ or ‘appreciate’ their work it’s problematic.

In some cases heels are too good at what they do and end up showing up the face who’s usually too green to hold his own. Most of these heels are well aware they have more talent then the rookie face across the ring from them but by failing to be company players and carrying them and instead show up the guy they’re working with, they’re essentially going into business for themselves. It used to be a physical shoot, but these days it’s a psychological shoot.

Also never underestimate the sheer stubbornness of management to make a turn despite how the crowds are reacting. WWE refused to turn Cena heel for years when there was plenty of occasion live audiences had turned on him, but simply there wasn’t a better face to take his place as well as be a huge merchandising success. Now with the angle with The Rock, there is.

Some will point to a successful tweener as Eddie Guerrero in his “Lie, Cheat & Steal” days but I’d argue he was a type of anti-hero again whose antics were more mischief then malicious and we saw them used against other heels sometimes monster heels like Lesnar at that time.

And yeah, these commentaries are for the more casual fan. Not everyone that comes to this site knows what a lot of insider terms mean especially if their interest has been primarily in MMA.

But again, thanks for the comment.

by KJ Gould on Mar 25, 2011 7:29 AM EDT up reply actions  

Jones is interesting...

To casual fans, he’s a face for sure. To hardcores, he’s more of a tweener. As you say, he’s become such a mega-babyface that he’s almost circled to the other end of the continuum and become the CM Punk style clean-cut heel to probably half the hardcore fanbase. Meaning, I’m betting by the time Jones and Rashad match up, it’s going to be a clean 50-50 split on who sees who as the good guy.

by gzl5000 on Mar 25, 2011 9:40 AM EDT up reply actions  

I cant speak to any TNA comparisons

as I’ve never been able to get through an episode of impact.
As for smart-marks cheering for heels, it probably used to be more problematic pre-attitude era, when heels and faces were more clear-cut. Nowadays it seems the gray area in between has widened and theres not as big of a distinction. Jericho is a perfect example of a tweener who hates to be cheered because he has that old school mentality, which I respect, while members of the clique were more likely to go into business for themselves, ushering in the era of the “cool-heel”, or definitive tweener.

I wouldn’t see either instance as being problematic as any reaction is a good thing in my view and if anything it would push other performers to become better at playing their role.

For instance, as popular as cool-heel NWO was, they were not receiving the face reactions of those with whom they feuded, namely Luger, DDP, Sting, Piper.
Specifically with Luger, it helped bring him to a new level of popularity as he was arguably the most over wrestler in the company circa 1997, therefore the tweener NWO stable was not problematic, but actually quite beneficial to those who could hang with them. Luger never ever achieved that level of notoriety before or after his NWO feud.

Eddy, I view in the same vein as Austin (albeit on a smaller scale) as he toed the line between tweener and antihero for about a year prior to his push and eventual match with Lesnar. His tweener reactions forced the booking into making him an antihero.

Jon Jones is John Cena 100%. He is the new face of the UFC, whom they are behind wholeheartedly. When he debuted though, he (seemingly) flew under the radar for a few years, although everyone noticed him as something special and he was quite popular with the hardcores prior to his “UFC push”. Cena followed that exact structure as he was quite popular with the hardcores during his initial heel-rapper push but was then turned on when he became stale, cookie-cutter, corporate babyface….something Jon Jones is about to become, if he hasnt already.

Anyways, I really enjoy reading the articles on this blog and look forward to participating in more discussion in the future.

by thejasten on Mar 25, 2011 11:49 AM EDT reply actions  

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